Penn State Homepage

Teaching and Learning with Technology

Creating Accessible Web Sites

Testing for Accessibility

Suggested Testing Protocol

  1. Make sure that all content is available in screen reader or text only mode. Screen Reader Testing

  2. Make sure your page is legible in different color modes. Color Testing Details

  3. If you use style sheets, then make sure the content is usable with style sheets turned off and in Netscape 4.7. Style Sheet Testing Details

  4. Make sure the page zooms well by going to your browser then the View menu and selecting a Text Size option. Zoom Testing Details

  5. You can run the site through accessibility reporting services to see if you have missed any issues. Accessibility Report Details

  6. Solicit feedback from multiple users.

Key Tools

  1. Fangs Screen Reader Emulator for Firefox
  2. CITA Accessibility Testing Extensions (Firefox/Mozilla/Internet Explorer for Windows)
  3. Accessibility Testing with Opera Browser
  4. Wickline Color Filter
  5. LIFT Plug In
  6. Cynthia Says

Other Resources

  1. Detailed Testing Protocol
  2. Lynx Clients
  3. About Accessibility Reporting Tools
  4. Sample Accessibility Reports

Detailed Testing Protocol

This protocol gives a list of the general types of audiences you are testing for and some methods for testing at each stage.

A. Screen Reader Testing

Some Testing Tools

  1. Install Fangs Screen Reader Emulator for Firefox. It does not read text aloud, but displays content from any Web page in screen reader format (no line breaks, headers/tables announced)

  2. Install demo versions of different screen readers. Some demos like JAWS work for only limited stretches of time but can be re-used as needed.

  3. Computers with screen readers are available at the Penn State Libraries and in some labs designed for users with disabilities.

  4. Test in the Opera browser with accessibility utilities or install the CITA accessibility extensions for Firefox/Mozilla and Internet Explorer for Windows.

  5. View the page on the Delorie Lynx Text Browser Similator. Although not the same experience as a screen, this tool will show you generally what a screen reader will see and allows you to quickly spot missing ALT and TITLE tags.

  6. Install the Lynx Text text-only browser for testing. Downloads are available from:

    1. Windows NT/2000/XP - csant.info/lynx.htm
      This is one of the easier versions to install
    2. Macintosh OSX - Apple Downloads or GNU O.S.X Archives
      Once installed, you must go to Applications > > Utilities > > Terminal, then type "/usr/bin/local/lynx" (note all the slashes) to open Lynx.

     

  7. Preview your Web site on a Palm Pilot or other Personal Digital Assistant.

  8. Go to the Preferences menu in your browser (or Internet > > Tools > > Advanced tab in Internet Explorer for Windows) and turn off support for images, multimedia and Javascript.

B. Color Testing

Some Options

  1. Install and use the Color Contrast Analyzer published by Juicy Studio.
  2. Use a color blindness simulator from the list below.
  3. View your page or images in grayscale.It's not as effective as a color blindness simulator, but will catch most problems.
  4. In a pinch you can print your page (with HTML backgrounds) on a black and white printer to simulate grayscale.

Color Blindness Simulators

About Color Blindness

C. Style Sheet Tests

Some Tests

  1. Download the Opera browser which allows you to toogle between Author Mode (with stylesheets) and User Mode (custom or no stylesheet). Click the document/paper icon next to the Web Address to go into User Mode. See the WebAim Opera article for more details.
    Note: On OS X, this is a camera icon located at the far right of the address bar.

  2. Install the CITA accessibility extensions which lets you toggle style sheets off and on.

  3. Preview all pages on Netscape 4.7. Some screen readers require users to use Netscape 4, so all content must be available and legible in Netscape 4.

D. Zoom Testing

  1. It's especially important to test documents on Internet Explorer for Windows, since it has the most issues with zooming. To test whether the code has disabled zooming, go to View then Text Size then Largest. If the text does not appear to change size, then the the coders have specified absolute font sizes and disabled zooming.

  2. Open Firefox, Mozilla, Opera or Netscape 6/7 and zoom to at least 1000%. To zoom in Netscape/Mozilla, go to View then Text Size then select Other and fill in 1000%. To zoom in Opera, click on the magnify drop-down menu to the right of the URL address bar and type or choose "1000%".

E. Accessibility Reports

A variety of organizations and companies have developed tools to "scan" Web pages and see if they are accessible or not. The tools include LIFT, Cynthia Says and others. Although these tools can catch some errors like missing ALT or TH tags, they cannot catch all errors.

Lists of Manual Checks

For errors that cannot be caught automatically, a list of manual checks, like those described above, are suggested. Therefore a completly Section 508 compliant site could still generate a list of items to check depending on the reporting tool - this is perfectly normal.

Limits of Accessibility Reports

Below are some advantages and limits of accessibility reporting tools.
(Chart provided by the University Libraries)

HTML Element Reports CAN Reports CANNOT
Images Check for Missing ALT tags Verify that ALT tags are accurate
Color Suggest manual color check Simulate Color Blindnesss modes
Data Tables Identify most missing TH tags Check that tables are coherent when read left-to-right, top-to bottom
Style Sheets Suggest manual check without CSS sheets Check stylesheets for accessibility
Links Identify large blocks of links Identify links which are vaguely worded or too close together
Forms Identify missing LEGEND, LABEL and ID tags Fix them for you automatically or ensure that they are accurate
Javascript Suggest manual NOSCRIPT check Automatically insert a NOSCRIPT alternative
HTML Code Validation Nothing HTML and XHTML validation is completely different tool or report

Top of Page

Sample Verification Reports

Inaccessible Test Page (contains blinking elements)

LIFT Dreamweaver Plug-in

LIFT is available to Penn State staff for a low fee. See the Penn State Computer Store for details.

The LIFT plug in can be customized for different standards (e.g. Section 508 + selected W.C.A.G. standards) and can be used to test pages before they are posted online.

Other Reporting Services

See also WebAim Evaluation & Repair Tools List for a more detailed list.

All the services offer these benefits:

  1. Service is free.
  2. Can be customized for Section 508 or W.C.A.G standards.
  3. Will detect missing ALT and TITLE tags.
  4. Includes warnings for manual checks or items you should review for accessibility.

Specific Benefits and Quirks Include:

Report Benefits Quirks
LIFT
  1. Prioritizes report by severity of violations.
  2. Good explanation of fixes.
  3. Allows custom reports including ones which skip over manual test warnings.
  4. Some tags can be quickly fixed.
  1. Some training required for maximal use.
  2. Reports can be slow; suggest running one page at a time.

Cynthia Says

&
AccMonitor

  1. Includes "Alternative Text Quality Report" which evaluates ALT tags and makes suggestions for improving tags.
  2. Includes some usability suggestions.

CynthiaSays and AccMonitor, both developed by HiSoftware are similar, but not identical.

WAVE
  1. Report shows page layout and location of violations or manual checks.
  2. Can install Wave check tool in browser.
  3. Provides report on standards compliance.
  4. Provides visual representation for ALT text and icons for structural markup tags such as TH or the H tags.

Very graphically oriented and uses a large set of icons. It may take a while to learn all the icons.

Benefits and Quirks of Different Accessibility Reports

Top of Page

Site Menu: Home Page/Main Menu | Section 508 Guidelines | Quick Checklist | Details by Tag
| Links | I.T.S. Seminar Page | Sitemap


©1999-2006 Pennsylvania State University.

This Web page is hosted by (by Teaching and Learning with Technology, a unit of Information Technology Services. Please contact the Webmaster if you have any questions.

Last Update: Friday, 21-Apr-2006 11:17:00 EDT