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Teaching and Learning with Technology

Creating Accessible Web Sites

Lists

This Page

  1. Synopsis
  2. Example of Inaccessible Unordered List
  3. Accessible Ordered Lists
  4. Nested Lists
  5. Using Image Bullets (C.S.S.)

Synopsis

  1. If you use lists with complex or long items, use ordered lists so that items are numbered, or include the item number within your text. Numbers make recall and navigation much easier, so you should also tell the user how many items will be in the list.

    An additional problem with unordered lists is that screen reader may not pronounce the presence of a bullet or graphic that does not have ALT text.

  2. If you are using nested lists (a list within a list), then use a different numbering system in the secondary levels than in the top level. See the Nested List section for details.

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Example of Inaccessible Unordered List

When the list is an unordered list, or a list of bulleted items, screen readers may read the list as one long paragraph. Users may not know where list items begin and end.

Not So Accessible Unordered list

What a typical browser sees

Reasons to design an accessible Web site

What a screen reader may say

Reasons to design an accessible Web site

To give access to your information to the widest possible audience Accessible sites tend to also be more usable Accessible sites tend to be more low-bandwidth friendly To comply with Penn State policy

 

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Accessible Ordered Lists

When lists are structured as numbered ordered lists, screen readers read each number or letter for that list, improving comprehension of where items begin and end.

Accessible Ordered List

What a typical browser sees

Reasons to design an accessible Web site (4):

  1. To give access to your information to the widest possible audience
  2. Accessible sites tend to also be more usable
  3. Accessible sites tend to be more low-bandwidth friendly
  4. To comply with Penn State policy

What a screen reader says

Reasons to design an accessible Web site

1. To give access to your information to the widest possible audience 2. Accessible sites tend to also be more usable 3. Accessible sites tend to be more low-bandwidth friendly 4. To comply with Penn State policy

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Nested Lists

When nesting lists, use compound numbering (e.g. 1.1) or a different numbering/lettering scheme, so screen readers can distinguish different levels. This is also advisable from a usability perspective.

Inaccessible Nested list

What a typical browser sees

University Park Colleges and Departments

  1. Agricultural Sciences
    1. Agricultural and Biological Engineering
    2. Agricultural Economics
    3. ...
  2. Arts and Architecture
    1. Architecture and Landscape Architecture
      1. Department of Architecture
      2. Department of Landscape Architecture
    2. Art History
    3. ...
  3. ...

What a screen reader may say

University Park Colleges and Departments

1. Agricultural Sciences 1. Agricultural and Biological Engineering...2. Arts and Architecture 1. Architecture and Landscape Architecture 1. Department of Landscape Architecture.

Accessible Nested list

What a typical browser sees

University Park Colleges and Departments

  1. Agricultural Sciences
    1. Agricultural and Biological Engineering
    2. Agricultural Economics
    3. ...
  2. Arts and Architecture
    1. Architecture and Landscape Architecture
      1. Department of Architecture
      2. Department of Landscape Architecture
    2. Art History
    3. ...
  3. ...

What a screen reader may say

University Park Colleges and Departments

1. Agricultural Sciences A. Agricultural and Biological Engineering...2. Arts and Architecture A. Architecture and Landscape Architecture i. Department of Landscape Architecture.

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Using Image Bullets (C.S.S.)

You can replace bullets with custom bullet images, using cascading style sheet attribute – list-style-image:url(path)

Example List with Custom Bullets

Penn State's two colors are:

  1. Blue
  2. White

C.S.S. File Specification

ol.paw {list-style-image:url(examples/paw.gif)}

View the HTML Code

<ol class="paw">
    <li>Blue</li>
    <li>White</li>
</ul>

The list-style-image attribute replaces a bullet with the image.

What a screen reader says

Penn State's two colors are:

Item 1 Blue
Item 2 White

 

 

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Last Update: Monday, 29-Aug-2005 16:44:49 EDT